Gusobanukirwa Aluminium Hydroxide: Ibyiza, Umusaruro, nikoreshwa

1. Intangiriro

Hydroxide ya Aluminium, igereranwa na Al (OH) 3, ihagaze nka kimwe mu bintu byinshi, bikwirakwizwa, kandi bifite inganda zikomeye za hydroxide mu bukungu bwa none ku isi. Nubwo bishobora kubanza kumvikana nkimiti yihariye ya laboratoire cyangwa minerval idasobanutse kubataramenyekana, mubyukuri ifite uruhare runini, shingiro mubikorwa bitandukanye bitandukanye byinganda. Izi nzego ziva mu nganda zateye imbere mu buhanga, mu buhanga bwa polymer, no gucunga ibidukikije kugeza imiti, gutunganya amazi, n’ibicuruzwa bya buri munsi. Ihuza ryihariye ryimiterere yimiti, imyitwarire ishimishije ya amphoteric, hamwe numuriro utangaje - ibintu bidasubirwaho bituma iba ibikoresho byibanze mumurongo mpuzamahanga utanga amasoko, bigira ingaruka kubintu byose kuva kubaka umutekano kugeza kubuzima bwabantu.

Gusobanukirwa agaciro nyako nubunini bwa Aluminium Hydroxide bisaba byuzuye, byinshi - kureba mu buryo buranga uburyo imiterere yibanze ya molekuline itegeka imyitwarire yayo mugutunganya inganda zikomeye hamwe nubucuruzi bwa buri munsi. Kuva yakurwa mu isi bwa mbere binyuze mu mbaraga n’ingufu - uburyo bukomeye bwa Bayer kugeza aho ikoherezwa cyane nk’ibidukikije - birinda umuriro w’inshuti mu bikoresho bya elegitoroniki bigezweho ndetse n’ubuzima - bizigama ibikoresho bya farumasi mu buvuzi bugezweho, iyi nteruro ikora hafi ya byose mu mico ya none. Iyi ngingo iragaragaza imiterere yibanze yimiti, yashizweho ninzira zibyara umusaruro, hamwe nibikorwa byinshi bishimangira agaciro karambye k’ubukungu n’ikoranabuhanga rya Aluminium Hydroxide mu nganda z’isi yose, ikagaragaza iterambere ryayo mu mateka, imikorere y’inganda muri iki gihe, hamwe n’inzira izaza mu buryo burambye bw’ikoranabuhanga -.

2. Ibikoresho bya chimique na physique ya Aluminium Hydroxide

Imiterere yimiti na Kamere ya Amphoteric

Kurwego rwa molekuline, Hydroxide ya Aluminium igizwe na cumin imwe yo hagati ya aluminiyumu ihujwe cyane na anion hydroxide ikikije, itanga iriba - amata azwi ya Al (OH) 3. Kimwe mu bisobanuro bya siyansi kandi gishishikaje cyane ni imiterere ya amphoteric. Ibi bivuze ko urugimbu rushobora kwitwara neza nka acide idakomeye hamwe nigitereko kidakomeye bitewe nubuzima bwimiti na pH yuburyo bukikije. Iyo ihuye na acide ikomeye, nka aside hydrochloric cyangwa aside sulfurike, Hydroxide ya Aluminium irashonga byoroshye kugirango ibe umunyu wa aluminiyumu n'amazi. Ku rundi ruhande, iyo ihuye n’ibishingwe bikomeye nka hydroxide ya sodium, irakora kugirango ibe aluminium zishonga, nka sodium tetrahydroxoaluminate. Ubu buryo bubiri bwa chimique ntabwo ari amatsiko gusa yigisha mumashuri; nuburyo bwibanze bwa termodinamike butuma butunganywa mu bucukuzi bwa bauxite butare mu gihe cyo gutunganya imiti y’inganda hanyuma bigakoreshwa mu mikorere itandukanye y’imiti yihariye.

Ibiranga umubiri nibintu bisanzwe

Muburyo bwera, bunonosoye, Hydroxide ya Aluminium isanzwe igaragara nkibyiza, byera, impumuro nziza, uburyohe, ifu ya amorphous cyangwa nkibintu bikomeye bya kristaline. Ntishobora gukemuka mumazi hamwe nibisanzwe kama kama mubihe bidafite aho bibogamiye, umutungo wingenzi utuma urinda umutekano kubintu byinshi byingenzi kandi byimbere mu gihugu aho kwinjiza sisitemu bigomba kugenzurwa cyane cyangwa bikirindwa burundu. Muri kamere, Hydroxide ya Aluminium iboneka muburyo butandukanye bwamabuye y'agaciro, cyane cyane nka gibbsite, hamwe na polymorphs yayo idasanzwe nka bayerite, nordstrandite, na doyleite. Gibbsite kugeza ubu ni myinshi kandi ikora nk'ibanze bigize bauxite, ikaba ari amabuye akomeye y’ubucuruzi ku isi ku bicuruzwa bya aluminium na aluminium. Byongeye kandi, Aluminium Hydroxide yerekana ihindagurika ryinshi ryumuriro kugeza ku bushyuhe bwihariye. Iyo ashyutswe hejuru ya dogere selisiyusi 200, ihura nicyiciro cyimbitse, ikarekura molekile zayo zifata imiti muburyo bwa endothermic reaction. Iyi myitwarire yihariye ya termodinamike igizwe nubumenyi bwa siyanse yo kwamamara kwayo nkumuriro udasanzwe wibikoresho bya kijyambere.

3. Uburyo bwo Gutunganya Inganda

Inzira ya Bayer: Urufatiro

Umubare munini wubucuruzi bwa Aluminium Hydroxide ikorerwa ku isi yose ikorwa hifashishijwe inzira ya Bayer, uburyo bunini bwo gutunganya imiti bwavumbuwe mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya cumi n'icyenda na n'ubu bukaba nk'inkingi yuzuye y'inganda za aluminium ku isi. Inzira itangirana na bauxite, umwanda, ibumba - nkamabuye arimo okiside ya aluminiyumu na hydroxide ivanze cyane na oxyde de fer, silika, na dioxyde de titanium. Bauxite mbisi, yajanjaguwe ikorerwa igogorwa ryumuvuduko mwinshi hamwe nubushyuhe bwo hejuru mubisubizo byamazi byamazi ya hydroxide ya sodium, bikunze kuvugwa mubihingwa nganda nka soda ya caustic. Iyi ntambwe igogora igogora ihitamo aluminiyumu - ifite ibyiciro byamabuye y'agaciro, harimo gibbsite, boehmite, na diaspore, ikora sodium ya supersaturated aluminium yumuti mugihe usize umwanda udashonga inyuma nkimyanda ikomeye izwi nkicyondo gitukura cyangwa ibisigazwa bya bauxite.

Kwezwa no kugwa

Iyo iyo myanda ikomeye imaze gutandukana neza binyuze mumashanyarazi, gusobanurwa, hamwe na sisitemu nyinshi - sisitemu yo kuyungurura, inzoga ya sodium ya aluminium isukuye, isukuye ikonjeshwa mugihe cyagenwe. Ihita ibibwa hamwe na kristu ya microscopique ya kristu ya Aluminium Hydroxide yakozwe mbere kugirango itangire. Iyi mbuto itera imvura igenzurwa cyane, bigatuma aluminiyumu yasheshwe ikaboneka mu gisubizo kirenze urugero - cyera Aluminium Hydroxide trihydrate. Kirisiti yaguye nyuma yogejwe neza namazi meza kugirango ikureho soda isigaye ya caustic isigaye, irungururwe kandi irumishwa kugirango isobanurwe. Ukurikije amaherezo yagenewe gukoreshwa n’abakora ibicuruzwa byo hasi, ibikoresho birashobora kugurishwa mu buryo butaziguye nka hyd- hydrata yo hejuru cyangwa igashyirwa mu mubare mwinshi - mu itanura rinini cyane kugira ngo wirukane amazi yubatswe burundu, ikabyara ifu ya alumina yihariye ikoreshwa mu buhanga bwa tekinike, tekinike, hamwe no gushonga ibyuma bya aluminium.

4. Porogaramu zitandukanye za Aluminium Hydroxide

Flade Retardants hamwe na Suppressants

Kimwe mu binini binini, muby'ubukungu, kandi byihuse - byiyongera mu nganda zikoreshwa mu nganda za Aluminium Hydroxide ni uburyo bukoreshwa cyane nka - halogenated flame retardant hamwe n’umwotsi w’umwotsi kuri polymers, plastike yubukorikori, elastomeri, n’ibicuruzwa bya reberi. Iyo ibikoresho bikozwe birimo imitwaro myinshi ya Aluminium Hydroxide ikorerwa nubushyuhe bukabije bwimpanuka cyangwa umuriro ukabije, uruganda rugira ingaruka mbi ya endothermic. Mugukuramo ingufu nyinshi zumuriro ziva mumuriro ugenda utera imbere, iyi reaction ikonjesha matrise ya polymer kandi igabanya umuvuduko wo gutwika. Icyarimwe, kwangirika kwimiti irekura imyuka yamazi, igabanya imyuka ya pyrolytike yaka umuriro mukirere gikikije kandi igakora igicucu cyinshi, kirinda, kitari - cyaka ceramic char char layer hejuru ya polymer yaka. Kubera ko idatanga imyuka yubumara ya halogene cyangwa umwotsi wangirika iyo itwitswe, Hydroxide ya Aluminium itoneshwa cyane kubwumutekano - ikoreshwa cyane nko gukwirakwiza insinga z'amashanyarazi, ubwikorezi rusange, imbere yubwubatsi, hamwe n’amazu ya elegitoroniki yoroheje.

Gukoresha imiti nubuvuzi

Usibye inganda ziremereye hamwe nubuhanga bwa polymer, Aluminium Hydroxide igira uruhare runini mubuvuzi mubuvuzi na farumasi. Nigihe - cyageragejwe, neza - cyashizeho imiti ikora yimiti ikoreshwa nka antacide kugirango yanduze aside gastricike irenze, itanga ubutabazi bwihuse kandi bwizewe buturuka kumuriro ukabije, indigestion idakira, hamwe na aside aside. Mugukora imiti hamwe na acide hydrochloric gastric mu gifu, izamura neza pH yibigize igifu kandi ikora igihumuriza, kirinda umubiri hejuru yigifu. Byongeye kandi, Aluminium Hydroxide yandikirwa kenshi n'abaganga ku barwayi barwaye impyiko zidakira kugira ngo bafashe gucunga hyperphosphatemia. Ibyo bigerwaho no guhuza fosifore y'ibiryo mu buryo butaziguye mu nzira ya gastrointestinal, bityo bikarinda kwinjirira mu maraso aho bishobora gutera ibibazo bikomeye by'umutima n'imitsi. Kurenga kuriyi mvugo, isukuye cyane, amanota yihariye ya Aluminium Hydroxide ikoreshwa nkumuti wizewe mu nkingo zitandukanye z’abantu n’amatungo, aho izamura umubiri kandi ikongerera umubiri imbaraga zo kurwanya indwara ziterwa na antigene.

Gutunganya Amazi na Precursor

Ibikorwa remezo by’ibidukikije hamwe n’ibikorwa remezo bya komini na byo bishingiye cyane kuri Hydroxide ya Aluminium n’ibikomoka ku miti kugira ngo isukure amazi manini -. Nubwo coagulants yibanze nka aluminium sulfate cyangwa chloride ya polyaluminiyumu yongewemo ku masoko y’amazi meza ya komini, Hydroxide ya Aluminiyumu isanzwe kandi yihuta mu gihe cya pH nyuma yo guhindura no gusobanura. Utwo dusimba twitwa gelatinous dukora nkibintu bidasanzwe byo guhanagura, gufata neza no kuvanaho ibintu byiza byahagaritswe, ibintu kama kama karemano, mikorobe itera indwara, hamwe na ion zicyuma ziremereye mumigezi y’amazi mbere yuko bisohoka mubidukikije cyangwa ngo bivurwe amazi yo kunywa. Byongeye kandi, Hydroxide ya Aluminium ikora nkibikoresho byingenzi bibanziriza imiti yo gukora suite nini yimiti yihariye ya aluminium. Ikoreshwa nkibikoresho byambere byo gutangira gushushanya synthèque zeolite ya catalizike ya catalizike, ikirahure cyihariye cya optique, impapuro zanyuma - impapuro zanyuma, hamwe ninganda zikoreshwa mu nganda, byerekana uburyo butandukanye nkibikoresho byubaka imiti.

5. Ibidukikije, Umutekano, hamwe nigihe kizaza

Umwirondoro wumutekano no gukemura ibibazo

Mugihe Aluminium Hydroxide izwi cyane nk’umutekano ku baguzi iyo ikoreshejwe mu miti y’imiti, ibiryo - ibikoresho byo gutumanaho, hamwe n’ibikoresho byo mu rugo, inganda zikoreshwa mu nganda n’ibikorwa binini - bisaba ingamba zikomeye z'umutekano no kwirinda akazi. Guhumeka bisanzwe byumukungugu mwiza wa Aluminium Hydroxide ikorwa mugihe cyo gusya inganda, gutekera, cyangwa guhuza polymer bishobora gutera uburakari bwimikorere yubuhumekero bwo hejuru hamwe nibihaha. Kubera iyo mpamvu, ibikoresho bitunganyirizwa mu nganda bigezweho bikoresha uburyo bugezweho bwo guhumeka umuyaga mwinshi, - uburyo bwo gukusanya ivumbi ryiza, hamwe n’ibikoresho byateganijwe kurinda umuntu, urugero nk'ubuhumekero bwemewe, indorerwamo z'umutekano, hamwe na gants zo gukingira, kugira ngo ubuzima bw'abakozi bubeho. Dufatiye ku bidukikije, urusobe ntirushonga mu mazi mu bihe bisanzwe by’ibidukikije, ibyo bikaba bigabanya ingaruka z’ubumara bukabije bw’ibinyabuzima byo mu mazi, nubwo igihe kirekire - igihe cyo kwegeranya hamwe n’ubushakashatsi bwa chimie y’ubutaka bikomeje kuyobora amabwiriza yo gusohora inganda n’uburyo bwo gukurikirana ibidukikije ku isi.

Ingaruka ku bidukikije niterambere ryikoranabuhanga

Umusaruro wa Aluminium Hydroxide ukoresheje inzira gakondo ya Bayer ni imbaraga zisanzwe - kandi zitanga umusaruro mwinshi wibisigisigi bya bauxite, byerekana imicungire y’ibidukikije hamwe nubutaka - gukoresha imbogamizi ku nganda. Ubushakashatsi bugezweho mu nganda n’ibikorwa by’ubuhanga byibanze cyane cyane ku kuzamura ingufu muri rusange za autoclave igogora hamwe n’itanura ryo kubara, ndetse no guteza imbere udushya, twafunze - inzira yo gutunganya inzira ya aluminium - ifite imyanda y’inganda. Hamwe na hamwe, abahanga mu bumenyi buhanitse ni injeniyeri isobanutse - ingano yubunini, ikwirakwizwa rya morphologie, hamwe nubuso - byahinduwe amanota ya Aluminium Hydroxide kugirango barusheho gukwirakwiza no guhuza ibikoresho bigezweho. Ubu buryo bushya bwikoranabuhanga butuma ibintu byuzuza ibintu byinshi muburyo bwo guhangana na polymer bitabujije imbaraga za mashini cyangwa kurwanya ingaruka, bigasunika imipaka yimikorere ya eco - umuriro winshuti - sisitemu yo kudindiza kandi ikuzuza ibisabwa bikomeza gukomera bisabwa ninganda zizaza ku isi.

6. Umwanzuro

Aluminium Hydroxide, igereranwa na siyansi na formulaire ya chimique Al (OH) 3, biragaragara ko irenze imvura yoroshye yimiti cyangwa imyunyu ngugu isanzwe; ninkingi yifatizo yibikoresho bigezweho siyanse, inganda zubumashini, ninganda. Umwihariko wacyo, ufite inyungu nyinshi zivanze na amphoteric chimique reaction, ihindagurika ryinshi ryumuriro, hamwe nuburozi buke bwa sisitemu ituma bidasimburwa rwose murwego rwimikorere idasanzwe. Kuva mu kurokora ubuzima bw’abantu binyuze mu miti y’ubuvuzi yateye imbere no kurinda ibikorwa remezo rusange binyuze mu gukumira neza umuriro kugeza amazi meza yo kunywa no kunywa amashanyarazi akomeye mu nganda, Hydroxide ya Aluminium ikomeje kwerekana akamaro gakomeye n’ubukungu. Mu gihe ikoranabuhanga mu nganda ku isi rigenda ryiyongera kandi ibidukikije bikarushaho kuba ingenzi mu gishushanyo mbonera cy’inganda, ubushakashatsi bwa siyansi bukomeje, kunoza imikorere, hamwe n’ibikorwa bya chimie y’icyatsi bizatuma Aluminium Hydroxide igira uruhare runini mu kuzuza ibyifuzo by’inganda z’ejo ku isi.